These hormones play a role in telling breast cells to grow. In hormone receptor-positive breast cancer , the receptors for hormones cause breast cells to grow in an uncontrolled way. Two types of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer are estrogen receptor-positive ER-positive breast cancer and progesterone receptor-positive PR-positive breast cancer. In these cancers , the cancer cells receive their growth signals from estrogen and progesterone, respectively.
When the growth of cancer cells results from problems with both types of receptor, it is simply called hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. When hormones are not involved, it is called hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. This article focuses on ER-positive breast cancer, including its risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. In ER-positive breast cancer, cancerous cells receive their growth signals from the hormone estrogen. Estrogen receptors are the most common type of hormone receptor on breast cells.
For this reason, ER-positive breast cancer is more common than other types of breast cancer. In fact, two-thirds of breast cancer cases are hormone receptor-positive, according to the American Cancer Society.
We will cover these in more detail below. Sex : Females are far more likely than males to develop any type of breast cancer, but males can have it. Males with health conditions that lead to higher levels of estrogen in the body have a higher risk. Age : Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer becomes more likely with age. Lifetime exposure : Females who start menstruating early, reach menopause late, and never have children may have a higher risk, as they have a longer lifetime exposure to estrogen and progesterone.
Hormone treatment : The National Cancer Institute note that using hormone treatment — such as to relieve the symptoms of menopause — may increase the risk of this type of cancer. Females whose mothers took a hormone treatment called diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy between and may also have a higher risk. Other factors : Other factors that may increase the risk include excessive alcohol consumption, a high body mass index BMI in early life, obesity after menopause, and a lack of physical activity.
These may all increase exposure to breast cancer related hormones. Click here to learn more about male breast cancer. The symptoms of ER-positive breast cancer are similar to those of many other types of breast cancer. The most common symptom is a lump. A lump is a common symptom of breast cancer, but not all breast cancers involve a lump. What other signs should people look out for? Learn more here. If a person finds a lump or other breast changes, or if these appear during routine screening, a doctor may suggest an ultrasound to gather more information.
During a biopsy, a medical professional will remove a small amount of breast tissue for examination. Sometimes, a surgeon will remove the tumor and send the tissue they have removed to the laboratory for analysis.
For example, if you work with chemicals, be sure to follow all recommended safety protocol. Get honest information, the latest research, and support for you or a loved one with breast cancer right to your inbox. Estrogen synthesis and signaling pathways during aging: from periphery to brain. Trends Mol Med. Front Endocrinol Lausanne. Stages of Menopause. Phytoestrogens: The current state of research emphasizing breast pathophysiology.
Phytother Res. How is breast cancer treated? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer. American Cancer Society. US National Library of Medicine. Endocrine Therapy for Postmenopausal Women. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement.
Endocr Rev. Genes Basel. Samavat H, Kurzer MS. Estrogen metabolism and breast cancer. Cancer Lett. Exposures to synthetic estrogens at different times during the life, and their effect on breast cancer risk.
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. Curr Protein Pept Sci. Risks and benefits related to alimentary exposure to xenoestrogens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellHealth. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page.
These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data. We and our partners process data to: Actively scan device characteristics for identification. I Accept Show Purposes. Natural estrogens may protect against breast cancer—but they can also worsen it. Soy's Effect on Breast Cancer. Results for estradiol levels measured in the luteal phase were similar with a relative risk of 1.
Relative risk for women with higher levels of free estradiol compared to women with lower levels of free estradiol was 1. Authors noted an increase in risk before adjustment for blood testosterone levels.
Donate Now. Skip to content. Research table: Blood estrogen levels and breast cancer risk This summary table contains detailed information about research studies. Breast cancer risk after menopause Studies show higher blood levels of the estrogen called estradiol is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Menopausal hormone therapy The studies below excluded women taking menopausal hormone therapy MHT at the time of blood collection. Breast cancer risk before menopause A pooled analysis of data from 7 studies found higher blood estrogen levels is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women [1]. This table shows breast cancer risk related to total estradiol levels. Sex hormones and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women: a collaborative reanalysis of individual participant data from seven prospective studies.
Lancet Oncol. Postmenopausal plasma sex hormone levels and breast cancer risk over 20 years of follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat. Postmenopausal serum sex steroids and risk of hormone receptor-positive and -negative breast cancer: a nested case-control study.
Cancer Prev Res Phila. J Natl Cancer Inst. Postmenopausal levels of oestrogen, androgen, and SHBG and breast cancer: long-term results of a prospective study.
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