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Get instant explanation for any acronym or abbreviation that hits you anywhere on the web! Two clicks install ». Download Close. Thus, two equivalents of 3-phosphoglycerate are produced for each molecule of CO2 that is fixed. In plants, carbon dioxide CO2 enters the chloroplast through the stomata and diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast—the site of the Calvin cycle reactions where sugar is synthesized.
The reactions are named after the scientist who discovered them, and reference the fact that the reactions function as a cycle. The most common set of carbon fixation reactions is found in C3-type plants, which are so named because the major stable intermediate is the 3-carbon molecule, glyceraldehydephosphate. These reactions, best known as the Calvin cycle Figure 6. Because the carbohydrate molecule has six carbon atoms, it takes six turns of the Calvin cycle to make one carbohydrate molecule one for each carbon dioxide molecule fixed.
The remaining G3P molecules regenerate RuBP, which enables the system to prepare for the carbon-fixation step. The Calvin cycle is a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow.
Every living thing on Earth depends on the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle has four main steps: carbon fixation, reduction phase, carbohydrate formation, and regeneration phase. The Calvin cycle takes molecules of carbon straight out of the air and turns them into plant matter.
This makes the Calvin cycle vital for the existence of most ecosystems, where plants form the base of the energy pyramid. The Calvin cycle takes place within the stroma of the chloroplast. They estimate that every person on Earth is supported by about 44 kg of rubisco!
This is because the process requires reduced NADP which is short-lived and comes from the light-dependent reactions. The reactions of the Calvin cycle add carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to a simple five-carbon molecule called RuBP. The Calvin cycle refers to the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis that take place in three key steps.
Although the Calvin Cycle is not directly dependent on light, it is indirectly dependent on light since the necessary energy carriers ATP and NADPH are products of light-dependent reactions.
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