Animal Farm was written by George Orwell and published in This novel is an allegory - even though it is set on a farm and stars a cast of farm animals, it reflects the events of the Russian revolution of The animals are all clever representations of Russian politicians, voters and workers.
According to one interpretation, he could be based upon both Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. Napoleon , a Berkshire boar is the main tyrant and villain of Animal Farm and is based upon Joseph Stalin.
He is an allusion to Leon Trotsky. He wins over most animals but is driven out of the farm in the end by Napoleon. He represents all the propaganda Stalin used to justify his own heinous acts. In all of his work, George Orwell made it a point to show how politicians used language. Squealer limits debate by complicating it and he confuses and disorients, However, when questions persist he usually uses the threat of the return of Mr.
He represents the primary themes of the deception created through the powers of words and their ability to be the most effective weapon in controlling those around you. As for the human characters in the book,. Jones represents Nicholas II, inspired by the deposed 15 th Tsar of Russia, who had been facing severe financial difficulties in the days leading up to the Revolution.
There are several implications that he represents an autocratic but ineffective capitalist, incapable of running the farm and looking after the animals properly. Jones is an alcoholic and the animals revolt against him after he drinks so much that he forgets to feed or take care of them, and his attempt to recapture the farm is foiled in the Battle of the Cowshed, alluding to the Russian Civil War.
Ironically, Napoleon the pig becomes almost obsessed with drinking and eventually changes the commandments to suit his needs. Toward the end of the book, the pigs become the mirror image of Jones, though they thirst for more power than ever before. Frederick is the neighbouring farmer to the right, alluding to fascism on the political spectrum, is the tough owner of Pinchfield.
But they told the people that things were much better since the Russian Revolution and the overthrow of the Tsar, than things had been before, under Nicholas II. For instance, when Napoleon and the other pigs take to eating their meals and sleeping in the beds in the house at Animal Farm, Clover is convinced this goes against one of the seven commandments the animals drew up at the beginning of their revolution.
Much as Stalin did in Communist Russia, Napoleon actively rewrites history , and manages to convince the animals that certain things never happened or that they are mistaken about something. The pigs also convince the other animals that they deserve to eat the apples themselves because they work so hard to keep things running, and that they will have an extra hour in bed in the mornings.
In other words, they begin to become the very thing they sought to overthrow: they become like man. Whenever the other animals question them, one question always succeeds in putting an end to further questioning: do they want to see Jones back running the farm?
And we can draw a pretty clear line between many of the major characters in Animal Farm and key figures of the Russian Revolution and Stalinist Russia. Napoleon, the leader of the animals, is Joseph Stalin; Old Major, whose speech rouses the animals to revolution, represents Vladimir Lenin, who spearheaded the Russian Revolution of ; Snowball, who falls out with Napoleon and is banished from the farm, represents Leon Trotsky, who was involved in the Revolution but later went to live in exile in Mexico.
First, not long after Orwell completed the first draft in February , his flat on Mortimer Crescent in London was bombed in June, and he feared the typescript had been destroyed.
Orwell later found it in the rubble. Then, Orwell had difficulty finding a publisher. The author of this article, Dr Oliver Tearle, is a literary critic and lecturer in English at Loughborough University.
Image: via Wikimedia Commons. What a comprehensive summary. Ace your assignments with our guide to Animal Farm! SparkTeach Teacher's Handbook. Pilkington Benjamin. Why is Animal Farm an allegory? What is Animalism? How does Napoleon seize power? What does Boxer represent?
How does Mr. Frederick trick Napoleon?
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