Indeed there is evidence that patients, families, education professionals, and health professionals connote AS with positive features and associate Autism with strange behavior, learning disability and family dysfunction Kite et al. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. This work was supported by an unrestricted grant from Novartis Pharma.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Front Psychol v. Front Psychol. Published online Jan Filipe 5. Carlos N. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer.
This article was submitted to Psychopathology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology. Received Jul 30; Accepted Dec The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.
No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Introduction: Refrigerator Mothers and Fine-Boned Aristocrats The entry of autism and Asperger syndrome AS into the history of psychopathology was marked by extraordinary coincidences.
Open in a separate window. The End in the Beginning The consecration of AS as a distinct diagnosis was surrounded by controversy from the outset.
Is as Different from HFA? A Foretold Resurrection? Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Footnotes Funding. Die Autistisehen Psychopathen im Kindesalter. Brain Cogn. BMC Med. Delayed language onset as a predictor of clinical symptoms in pervasive developmental disorders.
GABAergic activity in autism spectrum disorders: an investigation of cortical inhibition via transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuropharmacology 68 — Validation of Proposed DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 51 28— Development and current functioning in adolescents with Asperger syndrome: a comparative study. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 42 — Volumetric analysis and three-dimensional glucose metabolic mapping of the striatum and thalamus in patients with autism spectrum disorders.
Psychiatry — Its history has taken a less direct path with several detours, according to Jeffrey Baker , professor of pediatrics and history at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. Autism was originally described as a form of childhood schizophrenia and the result of cold parenting, then as a set of related developmental disorders, and finally as a spectrum condition with wide-ranging degrees of impairment. Along with these shifting views, its diagnostic criteria have changed as well.
Why was autism initially considered a psychiatric condition? As a result, Kanner viewed autism as a profound emotional disturbance that does not affect cognition. In keeping with his perspective, the second edition of the DSM, the DSM-II, published in , defined autism as a psychiatric condition — a form of childhood schizophrenia marked by a detachment from reality.
When was autism recognized as a developmental disorder? It defined three essential features of autism: a lack of interest in people, severe impairments in communication and bizarre responses to the environment, all developing in the first 30 months of life.
How long did this definition last? It broadened the concept of autism by adding a diagnosis at the mild end of the spectrum — pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified PDD-NOS — and dropping the requirement for onset before 30 months. The updated manual listed 16 criteria across the three previously established domains, 8 of which had to be met for a diagnosis.
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See All in Viewpoint. Witwer A. Lecavalier J. Autism Dev. Autism 4 , 29—46 Abstract Klin A. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 36 , — PubMed Rinehart N. Autism 10 , 70—85 a PubMed Thede L. Coolidge J. Dissanayake J. Child Adolesc.
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